Western Mediterranean Precipitation Extremes, the Result of Quasi-Resonant Sea–Atmosphere Feedbacks

The Mediterranean region has been identified as a climate change hotspot, and 13 case studies of extreme rainfall events (EREs) make it possible to categorize convective systems according whether they are tropical-like or extratropical cyclones. This study, which focuses on the western basin from 2000 2021, is based cross-wavelet analysis in period range 11.4 45.7 days (1) height precipitation at particular place representative deep system used temporal reference (2) amount basin, well sea surface temperature (SST) Mediterranean, Adriatic, Aegean Sea, Black Baltic, North Sea Atlantic Ocean. Extratropical cyclones result quasi-resonant atmospheric water SST feedbacks, reflecting co-evolution clustering lows harmonization thermocline depths relative stability blocking circulation. When anomaly greater than 0.5 °C, its paroxysmal phase, centered both over southeast France off French coast. However, when weaker, can develop different patterns, depending anomalies peripheral seas. They produce low-pressure extending Pyrenees southern Italy Sicily phase opposition with EREs. In some cases, partial occurs, producing large cyclonic system. Tropical-like absence any significant anomalies. Like cyclones, occur autumn even winter, thermal gradient between upper atmosphere greatest but, this way, non-resonantly. Their return around 2 3 years. due gradual increase summer resulting global warming, now lead an ERE happened 21 January 2020.